Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Banking
Shares and Dividends
Scope : Fundamental life concepts that are used in businesses like GST, Banking, Shares and Dividends will be dealt with.

Linear Inequations
Quadratic Equations in one variable
Ratio and Proportion
Factorisation of polynomials:
Matrices
Arithmetic and Geometric Progression
Co-ordinate Geometry
Scope : Various algebraic concepts will be covered.

Similarity
Loci
Circles
Angle Properties
Cyclic Properties
Tangent and Secant Properties
Constructions
Scope : Different geometric concepts will be included.

Area and volume of solids – Cylinder, Cone and Sphere
Scope : Topics to be covered in Mensuration are area and volume of solids-cone, Cylinder and Sphere.

Using Identities to solve/prove simple algebraic trigonometric expressions
Heights and distances: Solving 2-D problems involving angles of elevation and depression using trigonometric tables

Turning forces concept; moment of a force; forces in equilibrium; centre of gravity
Uniform circular motion
Work, energy, power and their relation with force
Different types of energy
Machines as force multipliers
Principle of Conservation of energy
Scope : Chapters cover the fundamental concepts of physics.

Refraction of light through a glass block and a triangular prism
Total internal reflection
Lenses
Using a triangular prism to produce a visible spectrum from white light
Scope : Lessons on five major forms of energy.

Reflection of Sound Waves
Natural vibrations, Damped vibrations, Forced vibrations and Resonance
Loudness, pitch and quality of sound

Ohm’s Law; concepts of emf, potential difference, resistance
Electrical power and energy.
Household circuits
Magnetic effect of a current

Calorimetry
Latent heat; loss and gain of heat

Periodic properties and their variations in groups and periods.
Periodicity on the basis of atomic number for elements.
Scope : Understanding the Modern Periodic Law.

Electrovalent bonding
Covalent Bonding
Coordinate Bonding
Scope : Introduction to chemical bonding.

Simple definitions in terms of the molecules and their characteristic properties
Ions present in mineral acids, alkalis and salts and their solutions; use of litmus and pH paper to test for acidity and alkalinity
Definition of salt; types of salts.
Action of dilute acids on salts.
Methods of preparation of Normal salts with relevant equations. (Details of apparatus or procedures not required)
Scope : Understanding Acids, bases and salts: Concepts, properties and definitions

Action of Ammonium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide on solution of salts: colour of salt and its solution; formation and colour of hydroxide precipitated for solutions of salts of Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb; special action of ammonium hydroxide on solutions of copper salt and sodiumhydroxide on ammonium salts
Action of alkalis (NaOH, KOH) on certain metals, their oxides and hydroxides

Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes; Avogadro’s Law.
Refer to the atomicity of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and chlorine (proof not required).
Vapour Density and its relation to relative
Mole and its relation to mass.
Simple calculations based on chemical equations
Scope : Understanding Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes and Avogadro's law, a fundamental law of gases.

Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Definitions and examples.
Substances containing molecules only, ions only, both molecules and ions.
Definition and explanation of electrolysis, electrolyte, electrode, anode, cathode, anion, cation, oxidation and reduction (on the basis of loss and gain of electrons).
An elementary study of the migration of ions, with reference to the factors influencing selective discharge of ions (reference should be made to the activity series as indicating the tendency of metals, e.g. Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, to form ions) illustrated by the electrolysis of:
. Molten lead bromide
. acidified water with platinum electrodes
. Aqueous copper (II) sulphate with copper electrodes; electron transfer at the electrodes.
Applications of electrolysis.
Scope : Difference between electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Complete definition and examples.

Occurrence of metals in nature
Stages involved in the extraction of metals.
Extraction of Aluminium.
Alloys – composition and uses.
Scope : Knowing various stages that are connected with the extraction of metals.

Hydrogen Chloride
Ammonia
Nitric Acid
Sulphuric Acid
Scope : Analysis of compounds-Ammonia

Introduction to Organic compounds
Structure and Isomerism
Homologous series – characteristics with examples
Simple nomenclature.
Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
Alcohols: ethanol – preparation, properties and uses.
Carboxylic acids (aliphatic - mono carboxylic acid): Acetic acid – properties and uses of acetic acid.
Scope : Studying structural isomerism.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division.
Structure of chromosome.
Genetics: Mendel’s laws of inheritance and sex-linked inheritance of diseases.
Scope : Learning the structure of chromosome.

Absorption by roots, imbibition, diffusion and osmosis; osmotic pressure, root pressure; turgidity and flaccidity; plasmolysis and deplasmolysis; the absorption of water and minerals; active and passive transport (in brief); The rise of water up to the xylem; Forces responsible for ascent of sap.
Transpiration - process and significance. Ganong’s potometer and its limitations. The factors affecting rate of transpiration. Experiments on transpiration. A brief idea of guttation and bleeding.
Photosynthesis: the process and its importance to life in general; experiments to show the necessity of light, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, formation of starch and release of oxygen; carbon cycle.
Chemical coordination in Plants: A general study of plant growth regulators; Tropic movements in plants
Scope : Indepth study of plant physiology.

Circulatory System: Blood and lymph, the structure and working of the heart, blood vessels, circulation of blood (only names of the main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, liver and kidney will be required). Lymphatic system.
Excretory System: A brief introduction to the excretory organs; parts of the urinary system; structure and function of the kidneys; blood vessels associated with kidneys; structure and function of nephron
Nervous system: Structure of Neuron; central, autonomous and peripheral nervous system (in brief); brain and spinal cord; reflex action and how it differs from voluntary action.
Endocrine System: General study of the following glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid and Pituitary. Endocrine and Exocrine glands
The Reproductive System: Organs, fertilisation functions of placenta in the growth of the embryo Menstrual cycle.
Scope : Investigating human anatomy and physiology broadly.

Population explosion in India; need for adopting control measures - population control.
Scope : Studying various measures to control population explosion in India

Basic introduction to Human evolution and Theories of evolution: Lamarck’s theory of inheritance; Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection
Scope : Analysing various theories of human evolution

Interpretation of Topographical Maps
Map of India
Scope : Map pointing: knowing the map of india and identification of various landforms with specific symbols

Location, Extent and Physical features
Climate
Soil Resources
Natural Vegetation
Water Resources
Mineral and Energy Resources
Agriculture
Manufacturing Industries
Transport
Waste Management
Scope : Knowing the geography of India: its position, extent and physical features.

The First War of Independence, 1857
Factors leading to the growth of Nationalism
First Phase of the Indian National Movement (1885-1907)
Scope : Knowing the various phases and key events of Indian National Movement from 1857-1917.

Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement
Forward Bloc (objectives) and INA (objectives and contribution of Subhas Chandra Bose).
Independence and Partition of India –
Scope : Studying the last phase of the National Movement.

The First World War
Rise of Dictatorships
The Second World War
United Nations
Non-Aligned Movement
Scope : History and events of the contemporary world.

Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha
Scope : Union Legislature - a comprehensive analysis of Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha.

The President
The Vice-Presiden
Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
Scope : Study of Union Executive: The President

The Supreme Court
The High Courts
Subordinate Courts
Scope : Know the Judiciary : The Various courts

Factors of production: Land, labour, capital and entrepreneur: their impact on the production structure in an economy.
Scope : Chapters on factors of production to be covered broadly.

Meaning and concept of Demand and Supply
Elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply
Scope : Microeconomics: Demand and supply analysis

Meaning and types
Scope : Understanding Market: Its meaning and various forms in economics

Money
Commercial banks: Meaning and functions
Central Bank
Monetary Policy of the Central Bank
Demonetisation
Public Finance
Tax Revenue.
Non-tax revenue.
Scope : Classification of Indian banking sector, concept of demonetization and Public Finance

Inflation, Wholesale Price Index (WPI), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Food Basket.
Stages of Inflation
Types of Inflation: Cost push inflation and demand- pull inflation
Scope : Inflation in economy: Its types and stages

Consumer Exploitation and Consumer awareness.
Consumer Rights & Duties.
Food adulteration.
Technical and Administrative measures for Consumer Protection
Scope : Introduction to Consumer Awareness for a healthy economic development.

Rational and Irrational Numbers
Scope : Solving arithmatic problems -rational and irrational numbers

Compound Interest
Scope : Understanding compound interest

Expansions
Factorisation
Simultaneous Linear Equations in two variables. (With numerical coefficients only)
Indices/ Exponents
Logarithms
Scope : Understanding algebraic expressions -expansion, factorisation and linear equations in two variables

Triangles
Rectilinear Figures
Circle
Scope : Understanding geometric concepts and figures

Understanding and recognition of raw, arrayed and grouped data.
Tabulation of raw data using tally-marks
Understanding and recognition of discrete and continuous variables
Mean, median of ungrouped data.
Class intervals, class boundaries and limits, frequency, frequency table, class size for grouped data.
Grouped frequency distributions: the need to and how to convert discontinuous intervals to continuous intervals
Drawing a frequency polygon.
Scope : Learning tabulation of raw data in statistics, finding median for ungrouped data and getting a basic understanding of many applications of statistics.

Cartesian System, plotting of points in the plane for given coordinates, solving simultaneous linear equations in 2 variables graphically and finding the distance between two points using distance formula
Scope : Learning coordinate geometry or analytical geometry by using the coordinate points.

International System of Units, the required SI units with correct symbols are given at the end of this syllabus. Other commonly used system of units - fps and cgs.
Measurements using common instruments, Vernier callipers and micro-metre screw gauge for length, and simple pendulum for time.
Scope : Understanding the system of measurement

Scalar and vector quantities, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration; graphs of distance-time and speed-time; equations of uniformly accelerated motion with derivations.
Scope : Getting versed with basic concepts of motion n one dimension

Contact and non-contact forces; cgs & SI units
Newton’s First Law of Motion (qualitative discussion) introduction of the idea of inertia, mass and force.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion (including F=ma); weight and mass.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion (qualitative discussion only)
Gravitation
Scope : An overview of Newton's Laws of Motion

Change of pressure with depth (including the formula p=hρg); Transmission of pressure in liquids; atmospheric pressure.
Buoyancy, Archimedes’ Principle; floatation; relationship with density; relative density; determination of relative density of a solid.
Scope : Understanding Archimedes principles and buoyancy

Concepts of heat and temperature.
Anomalous expansion of water; graphs showing variation of volume and density of water with temperature in the 0 to 10 0 C range. Hope’s experiment and consequences of Anomalous expansion.
Energy flow and its importance
Energy sources
Global warming and Green House effect
Scope : Understanding the concepts of thermodynamics

Reflection of light; images formed by a pair of parallel and perpendicular plane mirrors.
Spherical mirrors; characteristics of image formed by these mirrors. Uses of concave and convex mirrors. (Only simple direct ray diagrams are required).
Scope : Getting acquainted with reflection of light and types of mirror

Nature of Sound waves. Requirement of a medium for sound waves to travel; propagation and speed in different media; comparison with speed of light.
Infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic frequencies and their applications.
Scope : Studying the nature of sound waves, infrasonic , ultrasonic waves & frequency

Simple electric circuit using an electric cell and a bulb to introduce the idea of current (including its relationship to charge); potential difference; insulators and conductors; closed and open circuits; direction of current (electron flow and conventional)
Induced magnetism, Magnetic field of earth. Neutral points in magnetic fields
Introduction of electromagnet and its uses.
Scope : Finding how electricity and magnetism are closely related

Symbol of an element; valency; formulae of radicals and formulae of compounds. Balancing of simple chemical equations.
Relative Atomic Masses (atomic weights) and Relative Molecular Masses (molecular weights): either - standard H atom or 1/12th of carbon 12 atom. (a) Definitions (b) Calculation of Relative Molecular Mass and percentage composition of a compound.
Scope : Learning chemical formulae and valency-radicals

Types of chemical changes.
Energy changes in a chemical change.
Scope : Learning types of chemical changes and reactions

Water as a universal solvent.
Hydrated and anhydrous substances.
Drying and Dehydrating Agents
Meaning and examples only.
Soft water and Hard water
Types and causes of hardness
Scope : Understanding water as a universal solvent, hard water soft water

Structure of an Atom, mass number and atomic number, Isotopes and Octet Rule.
Electrovalent and covalent bonding, structures of various compounds – orbit structure
Scope : Learn the structure of an atom and chemical bonding

Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s contributions; Modern Periodic Law, the Modern Periodic Table. (Groups and periods)
Scope : Learn the modern periodic table and law-the integral part of modern chemistry

Hydrogen from: water, dilute acids and alkalis
The preparation and collection of hydrogen by a standard laboratory method other than electrolysis.
Industrial manufacture of hydrogen by Bosch process.
Oxidation and reduction reactions
Scope : Studying the first element hydrogen

The behaviour of gases under changes of temperature and pressure; explanation in terms of molecular motion (particles, atoms, molecules); Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law; absolute zero; gas equation; simple relevant calculations.
Relationship between Kelvin scale and Celsius Scale of temperature; Standard temperature and pressure.
Scope : The gas laws: Boyle's law, Charle's Law

Acid rain – composition, cause and its impact
Global warming:
Ozone depletion
Scope : Knowing various agents of atmospheric pollution

The cell, a unit of life, protoplasm, basic difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; differences between an animal and a plant cell.
Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues.
Scope : Introduction to the study of basic biology

Flower: Structure of a bisexual flower, functions of various parts.
Pollination: self and cross-pollination.
Fertilisation
Scope : Learn about flowering plants-parts , pollination

Structure of dicot and monocot seeds, Germination of seeds, types, and conditions for seed germination.
Respiration in plants: outline of the process, gaseous exchange
Scope : Learn plant physiology-respiration in plants

A brief outline of the five Kingdom classification.
Economic importance of Bacteria
Economic importance of Fungi.
Scope : Know the diversity in living organism -classification

Nutrition
Skeleton - Movement and Locomotion.
Structure and functions of skin
Respiratory System: Organs; mechanism of breathing; tissue respiration, heat production.
Scope : Investigatimg human anatomy and physiology-nutrition, skeleton, respiratory system

Earth as a planet
Geographic grid - Latitudes & Longitudes
Rotation and Revolution
Scope : Exploring earth as a planet

Earth’s Structure
Landforms of the Earth
Rocks - difference between minerals and rocks, types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, their characteristics and formation; rock cycle.
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Weathering and Denudation
Scope : Knowing the earth's structure

Sources: Great Bath, Citadel, seals, bearded man, dancing girl, dockyard, script. Origin, extent, urban planning, trade, art & craft, and its decline.
Scope : Learn about the Harappan Civilization and how the world knows about it .

Sources: Vedas and Epics (brief mention); Iron Artifacts and Pottery. Brief comparative study of Early and Later Vedic society and economy.
Scope : Study the Vedic Period which include the early and later vedic society and discover its various sources

Sources: Angas, Tripitikas and Jatakas (brief mention). Causes for their rise in the 6th century B.C.; Doctrines.
Scope : Learn about the various causes that led to the rise of Jainism and Buddhism, its doctrines

Sources: Arthashastra, Indika, Ashokan Edicts, Sanchi Stupa. Political history and administration (Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka); Ashoka’s Dhamma
Scope : A brief study of the Mauryan Empire including the various sources

Sources: Tirukkural and Megaliths. A brief study of society and economy.
Scope : Learn about the society as well as economy of the Sangam Age and its sources it .

Sources: Account of Fa-hien; Allahabad Pillar Inscription. Political history and administration (Samudragupta and Chandragupta Vikramaditya); Contribution to the fields of Education (Nalanda University), Science (Aryabhatta) and Culture (works of Kalidasa, Deogarh temple)
Scope : A brief analysis of the political history and administration of the Gupta rulers

The Cholas
The Delhi Sultanate
The Mughal Empire
Composite Culture
Scope : Knowing the various empires of the Medieval India

Renaissance
Reformation
Industrial Revolution
Scope : Learn about the fundamental transformations of the modern age in Europe

Definition of Constitution - date of adoption, date of enforcement and its significance. Features: Single Citizenship, Universal Adult Franchise, Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy (meaning), Welfare State
Scope : Knowing the constitution, its history and features in details

Meaning; Composition of Election Commission (in brief); Direct and Indirect election; General election; Mid-term election and By-election.
Scope : Familiarizing with electoral politics

Rural: Three-tier system of Panchayati Raj – Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad – their meaning and functions.
Urban: Municipal Committees and Municipal Corporations – meaning and functions.
Scope : Understanding the various features and branches of the local self government

Definition of Economics according to Adams, Robbins, Keynes and Samuelson. Self-explanatory
Micro & Macro Economics. Meaning, difference and examples only.
Types of activities.
Sectors in an Economy
Basic Economic terms
Entities.
Scope : Understanding Economics- various definitions

On the basis of Nature
On the basis of Development
Economic growth and development. Meaning and differences.
Scope : Classifying various types of economics

Limited availability of Resources.
Central problems of an economy
Scope : Learning about the basic problems of economy

Primary Sector: Agriculture - contribution of agriculture; problems of Indian agriculture; government measures to increase agricultural production; Green revolution and its impact; food security
Secondary: Industry: meaning and types; adverse impacts of industrialisation and measures to overcome adverse impacts.
Tertiary Sector: Education and Healthcare, Transportation, Banking, Insurance, Communication, Storage and Warehousing.
Scope : A thorough study of the Indian Economy

Poverty
Unemployment
Schemes and Programmes introduced by the government to remove poverty &unemployment
Scope : Discussing the major problems of economy in details

LPG Model
Smart city
‘Digital India’ and ‘Skill India'.
Scope : Finding out primary reforms and emerging trends in Indian Economy

Rational Numbers
Exponents Powers
Playing with numbers
Sets
Scope : Learning to write large numbers using exponents and playing with numbers

Profit and Loss
Difference between simple and compound interest
Direct and inverse variations .
Time and work problems.
Scope : Step by step explanation of related concepts of Ratio and Proportion.

Algebraic Expressions
Multiplication and division of algebraic expression
Identities
Properties of in equalities
Factorisation
Solving linear equations in one variable
Scope : Understanding algebraic expressions : multiplication, division, identities, factorisation and properties of inequalities

Understanding shapes
Representing 3-D in 2-D
Construction of Quadrilaterals Circle
Scope : Understanding geometric shapes: types and examples

Area of a trapezium, a polygon and semi-circle.
Surface area of a cube, cuboid, cylinder.
Idea of Total surface area and curved surface areas of various 3-D figures
Concept of volume, measurement of volume using a basic unit, volume of a cube, cuboid and cylinder
Volume and capacity (measurement of capacity)
Scope : Solving problems on Mensuration

Three states of matter in terms of movement of particles
Energy content in the three states of matter.
Change of state in matter using the Kinetic theory
Change of state diagrams
Scope : Understanding three sates of matter and energy content in them

Measurement of Density of irregular solids
Scope : Measurement of Density of Fluids
Scope : Determining the density of irregular solids and fluids

Turning effect of force (moment of force): concept, definition and calculation
Pressure : Definition ,Unit ,Calculation of pressure in simple cases ,Pressure exerted by liquids (Qualitative only). Pressure exerted by gases- Atmospheric pressure (Qualitative only).
Scope : Understanding turning effects of force

Concept of Work
Unit of Work (Joule)
Calculation of Work done in simple cases
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Calculation of kinetic and potential energies from a set of given data (Simple problems and assuming g=10 m/s2)
Energy transformation in common daily life situations
Difference between Energy and power
Scope : Understanding the concept of work, its unit and calculation. Also, kinetic energy and potential energy.

Refraction
Curved Mirrors
Dispersion of white light into constituent colours
Scope : An insight into light energy-refraction and curved mirrors

Difference between Boiling and Evaporation.
Thermal Expansion
Scope : Understanding heat transfer with explanation on thermal expansion and difference between boiling and evaporation

Pitch and Frequency
Pitch and frequency in relation to working of musical instruments. (Wind, membrane and String)
Monotone
Loudness and amplitude
unit of loudness in decibels
Scope : Understanding the various characteristics of sound

Household consumption of electric energy (kilowatt hour)
Identify live wire, neutral wire and earth wire in terms of their energy and path they travel
Safety components (fuses/circuit breakers (Qualitative approach only)/ grounding)
Static Electricity
Battery as a collection of cells connected in series.
Dangers of electricity

Main postulates of kinetic molecular theory of matter
Explanation of change of state of the matter on the basis of inter particle space and inter particle attraction and collision
Law of conservation of mass. (statement and explanation with examples).
Scope : Study of matter which includes kinetic moleculor theory, law of conservation of mass

Revise and review the topic on Physical and Chemical Changes taught in earlier classes.
Physical and Chemical changes – Classification with examples.
Scope : Changes in matter: physical and chemical

Revision of Elements, Compounds and Mixtures taught in earlier classes
Elements, compounds and mixture – a brief explanation.
Separation of the components of a mixture
Emphasis on the principle of separation.
Scope : An introduction to the classification of the matter:Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Fundamental subatomic particles present in an atom: electrons, protons, neutrons
Nucleus and extra nuclear parts.
Atomic number and mass number.
Scope : Fundamental concepts covered in Atomic Structure

Symbols of elements.
Formulae of compounds.
Chemical equations (from word equations).
Law of conservation of mass
Balancing simple equations
Relate the law to the balancing of simple equations.
Information gathered from a chemical equation.
Limitations of a chemical equation: Catalyst, conditions for the reaction, state of the reactants and products, nature of the chemical reaction are not gathered from the equation.
Scope : Understanding the language of chemistry- chemical equation eg.

Types of reactions
Reactivity series
Predict the reactivity of metals
Endothermic and exothermic processes/ reactions
Neutralization reaction
Decomposition reactions to form Oxides
Classification of oxides.
Scope : Learning about health with emphasis on various communicable diseases and hygiene practices

Preparation of hydrogen, from water – electrolysis (Introduction to terms electrode, electrolyte, electrolysis - detailed process not required).
Preparation of hydrogen in the laboratory
Preference of zinc as the metal to be used (with reasons).
Choice of dilute acids (other than dil. nitric acid).
Bosch’s process.
Properties and uses of hydrogen.
Oxidation and Reduction.
Scope : Learning about the basics of hydrogen

Dissolution of salts in water – meaning and explanation
Universal solvent – meaning.
Solutions, suspensions, colloids.
Differentiate unsaturated/saturated and supersaturated solutions.
Suspensions and colloids.
Water of crystallisation
Hydrated and Anhydrous substances, hygroscopic.
Reactivity of metals with cold water, hot water and steam (with products formed).
Hard and soft water and methods of softening of hard water
Disadvantage of using hard water.
Removing hardness of water by boiling or by treating with washing soda
Scope : Solubility of salt in water , water as a solvent

Allotropes of Carbon - definition and explanation
Crystalline and amorphous nature of allotropes of carbon
Uses of diamond, graphite, coke, coal, soot
Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of carbon dioxide
Physical properties of Carbon dioxide.
Acidic nature.
Reaction with lime water.
Properties and uses of Carbon monoxide.
Emphasis on use as reducing agent in the extraction of iron.
Emphasize the harmful properties of Carbon monoxide when inhaled -Asphyxia
Scope : Leaning about carbon and its compound

Diffusion – definition
Osmosis – definition, example, semipermeable membrane, root pressure; active transport.
Transpiration - definition, importance and factors affecting transpiration
Structure and function of Xylem and Phloem in detail
Importance of minerals: macro and micro nutrients; three deficiency diseases caused by lack of these essential nutrients
Scope : Transportation of food and minerals in plants

Plants- Types of Asexual reproduction
Plants -Sexual reproduction in Plants
Animals - Sexual reproduction in humans
Animals - Main organs of male and female reproductive system
Scope : A comprehensive overview of reproduction in plants and animals

Understanding ecosystems: definition, interaction between biotic and abiotic factors
Biotic components consisting of producers, consumers, decomposers. Meaning of food chain. Food web, and pyramid
Interdependence between organisms: symbiosis, parasitism and predation
Brief account of abiotic or non-living components such as air, soil, water and climatic factors such as sunlight, temperature, humidity and wind
Only, forest ecosystem with its flora and fauna to be taught
Scope : An indepth study of ecosystems

Endocrine System –
Two types of glands- exocrine, endocrine (basic concept and difference
Hormone (definition).
Hormonal glands - (thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pituitary); location and function of each.
Following points to be studied in tabular form: name of gland, location in body, secretion, function.
Adolescence and accompanying changes
Physical and emotional changes in the body during adolescence.
Importance of personal hygiene.
Stress management (meaning of stress; ways to tackle stress: yoga, meditation, time management, sports, hobbies, rational thinking etc.)
Circulatory System
Internal structure of heart in detail (including valves, septum; pace maker).
Schematic diagram of the heart;
Blood vessels - aorta, pulmonary trunk, coronary artery & vein, vena cava.
Circulation of blood as double circulation.
Blood Groups (A, B, AB and O): universal donor and universal acceptor.
Conditions related to the functioning of the heart: palpitations, cardiac arrest and hyper tension.
Introduction of lymphatic system as a parallel circulatory system.
Nervous System
Types of nerves: sensory, motor, mixed (function only). Cranial and spinal nerves (only definition and number).
Structure of a motor neuron
Central nervous system (CNS) in detail with its parts and their functions.
Reflex action: definition and basic terms used to describe reflex action stimulus, response, impulse, receptor, effector); common examples of reflex action.
Scope : Understanding the human body- Endocrine, Circulatory and Nervous Systems

Diseases
A brief idea of communicable diseases (influenza, measles, malaria, dengue, chikungunya, HIV) – causative agents, symptoms and prevention to be dealt with in a tabular form
The meaning of vector
Method of preventing diseases in general; use of vaccines to be mentioned
Vaccination and immunization: the concepts and difference between the two
Harmful effects of consuming tobacco, drinking alcohol, taking drugs.
First Aid
First aid- meaning.
First aid given in the following cases:(burns, bleeding, fracture object in the eye, unconsciousness, swallowing poison, snake bite, stings).
Scope : Learning about health with emphasis on various communicable diseases and hygiene practices

Interpret contours on the sheet (height, shape).
Identify landforms through contours
Settlement patterns
Interpret and analyse the given toposheet
Scope : Learning how to represent various geographical features through contours

Distribution of population in the world.
Overpopulation and under population: meaning with examples of countries from the world.
Impact of overpopulation and under population on the society.
Factors affecting the population of a place, birth and death rate, immigration and emigration.
omposition of population – Age and sex, rural and urban; population pyramid.
Scope : Knowing our growing population in detail and global human population

Migration: Introduction
Types of migration- immigration, emigration, rural- urban and urban-urban. (examples from the world)
Impact of migration on socio-economic structure of the society (examples from India and the world).
Brain Drain: introduction, causes of brain-drain, positive and negative impacts of brain- drain.
Scope : Dealing with migration -its meaning, types and impact,

Urbanisation – meaning and causes
Positive and negative impacts of urbanisation; satellite cities.
Concept of Smart Cities (examples from the World)
Scope : Understanding urbanisation - its meaning, impact and concepts like Smart Cities

Natural and manmade disasters: Meaning and examples
Disaster management and its importance (in general); safety measures to be taken in case of floods, earthquake and fire.
Role of the government in disasters and its management
Case Studies- Floods in Assam/Bihar (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).
Earthquake in Nepal (2014): (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment)
Oil Spills-Coastal areas of the United States: (Causes, effects, impacts on life and environment).
Scope : An insight into natural and man-made disaster - its classification, case studies, overcoming it through disaster management

The period of transition – basic understanding
Sources – Primary and Secondary
Transition from Medieval to Modern Age (a brief mention of Renaissance, Reformation, Voyages, discoveries).
The Industrial Revolution – meaning and reasons why it began in England, major inventions, Impacts of Industrial Revolution.
Imperialism- Its meaning, caused and impacts with special reference to South Asian Countries
Scope : Knowing the history of the period of transition ,

The French Revolution – causes, the outbreak, impact, the post – revolution period, Napoleon Bonaparte
The American War of Independence - colonies, causes, beginning, birth of the United States of America
American Civil War - background, causes, beginnings, role of Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address.
Scope : Understanding the relation between the growth of nationalism and various revolutions as well as civil wars

Decline of the Mughal Empire – (Major factors/causes).
Rise of independent/regional kingdoms- Hyderabad, Awadh, Bengal, Rajputs, Sikhs, Mysore, Marathas (brief).
Scope : Understanding the 18th century Indian History

Legislature – Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, composition, term, election, qualifications, Presidency officer. Powers & functions of the Union Parliament.
Executive – The President, The Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers- qualifications, election (method not procedure) powers and functions.
The Judiciary– The Supreme Court and High Court – Composition, qualifications of judges, appointment, Jurisdiction and functions: Original, Appellate, Revisory, Judicial Review, Court of Record, Writs, what are Writs-few examples.
Scope : Analysing the three branches of the government and its functions

Aims and Principles, Organs (all SLR mention in brief)- General Assembly, Security Council, International Court of Justice (detail) – Composition and functions.
Agencies of UN – UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO – functions only
Scope : Understanding the International organization United Nations